The Holocaust raised profound challenges to conventional religious views of reality and the belief that God intervenes in human history. By surveying prominent Jewish and Christian theologians from 1966 to 2006, this course will focus on two major theological questions: (1) Why does God allow evil, epitomized by the Holocaust, to exist in the world? (2) What traditional Christian theological teachings may have played a part in the events leading up to the Holocaust? As we will see, the responses to these questions are varied, unsettling, and powerful.